Blaming Immigrants by Neeraj Kaushal

Author:Neeraj Kaushal
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Columbia University Press

Because most empirical research is based on short-term impacts lasting a few decades, many studies that I discuss do not have a multigenerational lens. Where possible, I discuss the longer-term effects as well. The literature on the impacts of immigration is very large, and my aim is not to provide a comprehensive review of all the studies but to focus on major studies by economists to inform readers about the general findings from a large body of research.

Demographic or Labor Supply Effects of Immigration

Demography, as the old adage goes, is destiny. Immigration, by changing the demography of a nation, can alter the course of its destiny. Here is an example.

In 1971 Europe, Japan, and the United States had nearly the same fertility rate—about 2.1 to 2.4 births per woman (fig. 6.1). Past trends presaged a continuing decline, and within a decade all three experienced drops in fertility rates to 1.8 births per woman, below the replacement rate of 2.1 that demographers say is necessary to keep a nation’s population steady. In the long term this single statistic implies there would be more dependents and fewer working-age people to take care of them. The trend continued in the European Union and Japan for another two decades, and their populations began to fall.

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